How The Life Begin

Cosmic acceleration Independent lines of evidence from Type Ia supernovae and the  CMB  imply that the universe today is dominated by a mysterious form of energy known as  dark energy , which apparently permeates all of space. The observations suggest 73% of the total energy density of today's universe is in this form. When the universe was very young, it was likely infused with dark energy, but with less space and everything closer together, gravity predominated, and it was slowly braking the expansion. But eventually, after numerous billion years of expansion, the growing abundance of dark energy caused the  expansion of the universe  to slowly begin to accelerate. Dark energy in its simplest formulation takes the form of the  cosmological constant  term in  Einstein's field equations  of general relativity, but its composition and mechanism are unknown and, more generally, the details of its  equation of state  and relationship with the  Standard Model  of particle physic

Structure formation  Over a long period of time, the slightly denser regions of the nearly uniformly distributed matter gravitationally attracted nearby matter and thus grew even denser, forming gas clouds, stars, galaxies, and the other astronomical structures observable today.The details of this process depend on the amount and type of matter in the universe. The four possible types of matter are known as  cold dark matter ,  warm dark matter ,  hot dark matter , and  baryonic matter . The best measurements available, from  Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe  (WMAP), show that the data is well-fit by a Lambda-CDM model in which dark matter is assumed to be cold (warm dark matter is ruled out by early  reionization ),and is estimated to make up about 23% of the matter/energy of the universe, while baryonic matter makes up about 4.6%. [34]  In an "extended model" which includes hot dark matter in the form of  neutrinos , then if the "physical baryon density" {\di

Cooling  The universe continued to decrease in density and fall in temperature, hence the typical energy of each particle was decreasing.  Symmetry breaking  phase transitions put the  fundamental forces  of physics and the parameters of  elementary particles  into their present form.  After about 10 −11  seconds, the picture becomes less speculative, since particle energies drop to values that can be attained in  particle accelerators . At about 10 −6  seconds, quarks and gluons combined to form  baryons  such as protons and neutrons. The small excess of quarks over antiquarks led to a small excess of baryons over antibaryons . The temperature was now no longer high enough to create new proton–antiproton pairs (similarly for neutrons–antineutrons ), so a mass annihilation immediately followed, leaving just one in 10 10  of the original protons and neutrons, and none of their antiparticles. A similar process happened at about 1 second for electrons and positrons. After these annih

The earliest phases of the Big Bang are subject to much speculation. In the most common models the universe was filled  homogeneously  and  isotropically  with a very high  energy density  and huge temperatures and  pressures  and was very rapidly expanding and cooling. Approximately 10 −37  seconds into the expansion, a  phase transition  caused a  cosmic inflation , during which the universe grew  exponentially  during which time  density fluctuations  that occurred because of the  uncertainty principle  were amplified into the seeds that would later form the  large-scale structure  of the universe. After inflation stopped, reheating occurred until the universe obtained the temperatures required for the  production  of a  quark–gluon plasma  as well as all other  elementary particles .Temperatures were so high that the random motions of particles were at  relativistic   speeds , and  particle–antiparticle pairs  of all kinds were being continuously created and destroyed in collisions

Extrapolation of the expansion of the universe backwards in time using general relativity yields an  infinite density  and temperature at a finite time in the past.This  singularity  indicates that  general relativity  is not an adequate description of the  laws of physics  in this regime. Models based on general relativity alone can not extrapolate toward the singularity beyond the end of the  Planck epoch . This primordial singularity is itself sometimes called "the Big Bang", but the term can also refer to a more generic early hot, dense phaseof the universe. In either case, "the Big Bang" as an event is also colloquially referred to as the "birth" of our universe since it represents the point in history where the universe can be verified to have entered into a  regime  where the laws of physics as we understand them (specifically general relativity and the  standard model of particle physics ) work. Based on measurements of the expansion using  Type I

American astronomer Edwin Hubble observed that the distances to faraway galaxies were strongly correlated with their  redshifts . This was interpreted to mean that all distant galaxies and clusters are receding away from our vantage point with an apparent velocity proportional to their distance: that is, the farther they are, the faster they move away from us, regardless of direction. [13] Assuming the  Copernican principle  (that the Earth is not the center of the universe), the only remaining interpretation is that all observable regions of the universe are receding from all others. Since we know that the distance between galaxies increases today, it must mean that in the past galaxies were closer together. The continuous expansion of the universe implies that the universe was denser and hotter in the past. Large  particle accelerators  can replicate the conditions that prevailed after the early moments of the universe, resulting in confirmation and refinement of the details of the

The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe[1]from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution.[2][3][4] The model describes how the universe expanded from a very high-density and high-temperature state,[5][6] and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background (CMB), large scale structure and Hubble's law.[7] If the known laws of physics are extrapolated to the highest density regime, the result is a singularity which is typically associated with the Big Bang. Physicists are undecided whether this means the universe began from a singularity, or that current knowledge is insufficient to describe the universe at that time. Detailed measurements of the expansion rate of the universe place the Big Bang at around 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe.[8] After the initial expansion, the universe cooled

Hello ✋🙋🙋🙋🙋✋✋✋ My Name is Aman Kumar I'm a student And I'm going to start a book written by me in my mind I'm not a professional writer this is my first time.This book is research of m y 8 years. OK i know u all thinking hmm.. Fak raha hai 8 saal lie no its not lie its true ye book meri invention hai to all human kind. Kya tum Saab ke maan me ye saval (question) nahi aata   ke ye universe kha se aye hum kaise aye kya hua hooga ki ye infinite( anant ) bramhand baana hoga aur humara ghar yani ( Dharti ) earth baani hogi kitna samye laga hoga is puure universe k o banne me kabhi is subject par vichar kara hai nahi kia hooga paata hai aaj kal ka moto nahi motorola nahi ( aaj kal ka suvichar yaar apple ne iPhone x launch kar diya Samsung ne s9 launch kar diya Intel ka naya processer i9 a gaya baas yahi par dimaag ke puri power khatam nahi yaar humare pass sirf 100 saal hai bolne ko ke insaan ke umar